Yes, book-keeping work is allowed. What ACCA considers book-keeping is highlighted below and in Am I in public practice? (PDF). The limitation is that students can’t be in public practice; this is explained further in Am I in public practice? (PDF).
ACCA students are permitted to undertake work directly in their business in the following areas, as long as they do not stray into public practice. They can:
- prepare accounting records to trial balance stage
- maintain clients’ records in respect of payroll and employment taxes
- maintain basic sales tax/VAT records.
The following extract from guidance materials explains this in more detail.
Preparation of accounting records to trial balance stage
In the context of maintaining a client’s books of prime entry and ledgers, this may lead to the production of a trial balance.
Book-keeping software will often enable the user to generate reports without any further processing of the data, and without the need to exercise additional professional skills or judgement. In such cases, book-keeping services may extend to the generation of such reports but, of course, advice or comment based on those reports must not be offered.
Where data has to be further processed in order to produce reports for management, this is only permitted under certain circumstances. For example, with regard to the preparation of management accounts, where the management accounts are to be used solely by your client for internal purposes, the conversion of the trial balance into management accounts (or other management information) falls outside the definition of public practice. However, where the management accounts are to be passed to a third party, most commonly a bank, this is public practice work, regardless of whether the third party is aware of your involvement.
Where a client seeks to send the accounts to a third party, you must try to dissuade your client from forwarding them, and if your client ignores your wishes, you should protect yourself and consider resigning from the engagement.
Payroll services
When considering the payroll services you may provide without having public practice authorisation, it is necessary to remember the principle that book-keeping services do not extend beyond the recording of basic accounting data in order to maintain the necessary financial records. Therefore, calculating statutory and voluntary deductions from gross wages and salaries and summarising the results would meet this principle.
Only ACCA members with public practice authorisation are permitted to provide taxation advice. For example, to recommend tax-efficient remuneration methods to a client would be considered to be a public practice activity.
VAT and other sales taxes
Advice concerning the VAT rates attaching to certain supplies, the benefits of voluntary VAT registration or the advantages and disadvantages of different VAT schemes would be deemed to be public practice. In addition, to make decisions concerning the way in which output tax will be declared or input tax will be claimed would be to make management decisions, and beyond the range of services considered to be basic book-keeping.
However, students would be allowed to generate certain reports relating to sales taxes arising out of the recording of basic accounting data. Such reports may be generated by the accounting software used, and may include summarised figures suitable for inclusion on, say, a quarterly return. Alternatively, figures may be summarised manually for inclusion on a quarterly return. As a routine exercise, this would be deemed to be basic book-keeping.
In subsequently transferring the summarised figures onto a VAT return and submitting the return to the tax authority, an assessment must be made that the figures appear reasonable. Such an assessment may only be made by the client or an accountant authorised to exercise such professional judgement. Therefore, you do not require public practice authorisation in order to be able to transcribe figures from a management report onto a statutory return, so long as it is clear that your client has considered the management report and approved the figures that have been incorporated into the return prior to its submission.
Remember: public practice work will include:
- producing accounts that a third party relies on
- preparing personal or corporate tax returns (even where the client submits them directly to the tax authorities)
- preparing a report or certificate concerning a person's financial affairs that will be seen by a third party (including, for example, confirmation to a potential lender of a person's income).
Please do ask and read up on this area, as this guidance just provides a basic overview.