(1). B There is no private use adjustment where a motor car is used by an employee, and as CO₂ emissions are over 130 grams per kilometre the motor car will be included in the special rate pool.
(2). C Where CO₂ emissions are more than 130 grams per kilometre, then 15% of a motor car’s leasing costs are disallowed. Therefore, £2,295 (2,700 less 15%) of the leasing costs are deductible.
(3). D The rate of approved mileage allowance for the first 10,000 business miles is 45p per mile, and 25p per mile thereafter. Simone’s expense claim is therefore £5,400 ((10,000 at 45p) + (3,600 at 25p)).
(4). A The relevant percentage is 20% (14% + 6% ((125 – 95)/5)). The motor car was only available for two months of 2015-16, so the benefit is £630 (18,900 x 20% x 2/12).
(5). B All the input VAT of £120 (720 x 20/120) for both private and business mileage can be recovered. The private use element will be accounted for by way of the output VAT scale charge.
(6).
(a)
Company motor car
(1). Sammi’s marginal rate of income tax is 40%, so her additional income tax liability for 2015–16 will be £11,480 (28,700 at 40%).
(2). There are no national insurance contribution implications for Sammi.
Tutorial note: There is no fuel benefit as fuel is not provided for private journeys.
Additional director’s remuneration
(1). Sammi’s additional income tax liability for 2015–16 will be £11,200 (28,000 at 40%).
(2). The additional employee’s class 1 NIC liability will be £560 (28,000 at 2%).
Tutorial note: Sammi’s director’s remuneration exceeds the upper earnings limit of £42,385, so her additional class 1 NIC liability is at the rate of 2%.
(b)
Company motor car
(1). The employer’s class 1A NIC liability in respect of the car benefit will be £3,961 (28,700 at 13.8%).
(2). The motor car has a CO₂ emission rate in excess of 130 grams per kilometre, so only £23,562 (27,720 less 15%) of the leasing costs are allowed for corporation tax purposes.
(3). Smark Ltd’s corporation tax liability will be reduced by £5,505 ((3,961 + 23,562) at 20%).
Additional director’s remuneration
(1). The employer’s class 1 NIC liability in respect of the additional director’s remuneration will be £3,864 (28,000 at 13.8%).
(2). Smark Ltd’s corporation tax liability will be reduced by £6,373 ((28,000 + 3,864) at 20%).
(c)
(1). The net of tax cost of paying additional director’s remuneration is £25,491 (28,000 + 3,864 – 6,373).
(2). This is more beneficial than the alternative of providing a company motor car because this has a net of tax cost of £26,176 (27,720 + 3,961 – 5,505).