In theory the futures market provides a fixed and stable outcome when hedging currency or interest rate risk, but in practice futures contracts are exposed to basis risk.
Basis is the difference between the futures and spot prices and, for the purposes of recommending a hedging strategy, it is often assumed to diminish at a constant rate. Basis risk arises when the price of a futures contract does not have a predictable relationship with the spot price of the instrument being hedged. When basis risk is introduced to a scenario, it may mean an alternative hedging method would provide a better result.
In order to illustrate this point, we will use the information provided in a sample question from the September/December 2017 exam sessions, Wardegul Co, and investigate the impact of basis risk on the hedging recommendation. The company’s treasury department would like to hedge the following transaction.
Transaction to be hedged
Today’s date is 1 October 2017. The treasury department plans to hedge a receipt, in Eurian Dinar (D), of D27m. The receipt is expected on 31 January 2018 and will need to be invested until 30 June 2018.
The central bank base rate in Euria is currently 4·2% and the treasury team believes that it can invest funds in Euria at the central bank base rate less 30 basis points. However, treasury staff have seen predictions that the central bank base rate could increase by up to 1·1% or fall by up to 0·6% between now and 31 January 2018.
For the purposes of this example we will consider the following possibilities to hedge the receipt:
- Interest rate futures
- Exchange-traded options on interest rate futures
Three month D futures, D500,000 contract size
Prices are quoted in basis points at 100 – annual % yield:
December 2017:
|
94.84
|
March 2018:
|
94.78
|
June 2018:
|
94.66
|
Exchange-traded options on three month D futures, D500,000 contract size, option premiums are in annual %